Rapid caching and data delivery system and method

ABSTRACT

The initial systems analysis of a new data source fully defines each data element and also designs, tests and encodes complete data integration instructions for each data element. A metadata cache stores the data element definition and data element integration instructions. The metadata cache enables a comprehensive view of data elements in an enterprise data architecture. When data is requested that includes data elements defined in a metadata cache, the metadata cache and associated software modules automatically generate database elements to fully integrate the requested data elements into existing databases.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of, and claims priority to, U.S. Ser.No. 12/024,926, filed on Feb. 1, 2008 and entitled “RAPID CACHING ANDDATA DELIVERY SYSTEM AND METHOD,” which is incorporated herein byreference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to integrating data from datasources to end users, and more particularly, to rapidly integrating newdata elements within an enterprise data architecture using cachedmetadata and automated database management techniques.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Organizations desire access to data in order to function efficiently.Advances in computer networks, data processing and data storage havegreatly enhanced the ability to assemble large repositories of data anduse this data for strategic planning, operational management andtactical decision making. Large organizations or enterprises such as,for example, corporations, government agencies and private institutionsoften obtain data from many sources including database systems of recordsuch as internal systems, transaction databases, accounting records,sales records, customer databases and/or third-party data providers.Moreover, most organizations spend a significant portion of theiroperating budget on human and information technology resources tomaintain data and provide information technology solutions that provideaccess to the data.

Due to the volume, complexity and importance of data typically reliedupon by most every function of an enterprise, data managementorganizations (DMOs) play a critical role in the success of most modernenterprises. Typically, among a DMO's most challenging and resourceintensive tasks is integrating data from various sources and differentformats into a set of production data which may include centralizeddatabases and other data sources. The production data should betechnically valid, internally consistent, stable and reliable. Moreimportantly, production data should be accessible in a form that isvalid and useful to the enterprise and capable of interfacing withapplications which may include a variety of software modules, businessanalysis tools and information systems. As the number of data sourcesmaintained by a DMO grows, so does the expense and complexity ofmaintaining production data.

The typical marketing department is an example of an organization withinan enterprise that relies heavily on real-time, high-quality productiondata. In order to plan and execute effective campaigns, marketingdepartments access data that may be generated internally or acquiredfrom third-party sources. For example a typical marketing department maydesire access to industry data, sales records, customer data, customersurvey data, government regulations, competitor information, partnerdata, and the like. This information is often time sensitive, so anorganization without real-time or near real-time access to data oftenfails to accomplish its goals. For example, a marketing department thatis trying to take advantage of a favorable market condition may miss theopportunity to advertise effectively without relevant and accurate dataon target customers.

A typical method of managing and integrating data from multiple sourcesis commonly known by the acronym ETL which stands for “extract,”“transform” and “load.” ETL is a set of methods used by DMOs to gatherdata from one or more data sources (extract), manipulate the data into avalid and useful format (transform) and put the data into productiondatabases (load) where the data is accessed and manipulated by theorganization's various information technology resources andapplications. However, existing ETL systems and processes often fail todeliver timely, accurate and relevant data to meet an enterprise'sneeds. Therefore, a long-felt need exists for a system to reduce timeand costs associated with integrating new data sources into anenterprise data architecture.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a rapid caching and data delivery systemand method that reduces the time for data from new sources to beintegrated into an enterprise's data management system. The systemprovides a metadata cache that stores comprehensive data elementdefinition and data element integration instructions. When a datamanagement organization performs the initial systems analysis for a newdata source, data assessment processes fully define each data elementand design, and encode and test complete data integration instructionsfor each data element. The processes drastically decrease the totalprocess time to deliver new data elements to end users.

A management information system provides end users accessing the cachedmetadata a comprehensive view of data available to an enterprise. Withsuch a comprehensive view, users plan operations with full knowledge ofthe information available to them. Even if the data for a data elementof interest has not been loaded into any database accessible to theuser, the user is able to request access to the data and automatedprocesses use information in the metadata cache to generate the suitabledatabase structures and load the requested data.

In one embodiment, the data management system receives a request for newdata. The request is a request for a specific set of actual data (“rawdata”) and/or a request for a certain data elements that relate to rawdata. The enterprise data management system receives data from a datasource and the data is assessed for integration into the enterprise dataarchitecture. In a representative embodiment, the data requestedrepresents a subset of the data received from the data source. The datareceived from the data source is integrated into the enterprise dataarchitecture. Additionally, the information resulting from the dataassessment is encoded into metadata and stored in a cache. In oneembodiment, the cached metadata includes both the data (i.e. “raw data”)and the information from the data assessment. The data management systemreceives a second request for new data that includes data that wasassessed while providing the first data requested. The cached data isread and the data necessary to satisfy the second request for data isintegrated into the enterprise data architecture according to theinformation encoded in the cached metadata.

The metadata cache details the information necessary to integrate thedata elements of a data source into an enterprise data managementsystem. The metadata is organized into an “envelope” which may include,for example, the data itself, a description of a data schema for thedata source, data type information, data extraction logic, dataconstraints, validation rules, default values, business rules, datainterdependencies, data transformation logic, data load instructions,performance data, statistical data, business rules, and/or physicalrelationships with the enterprise data schema.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete understanding of the invention may be derived byreferring to the detailed description and claims when considered inconnection with the Figures, wherein like reference numbers refer tosimilar elements throughout the Figures, and:

FIG. 1 is an overview of a representative system for providing end usersvisibility to data elements and access to data.

FIG. 1A is an overview of a representative system for integrating newdata sources into an enterprise data management system and deliveringthe data to downstream applications and modules.

FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram showing a representative process forresponding to user requests for new data elements.

FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram showing a representative process forgenerating metadata that enables automated integration of new dataelements.

FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram showing a representative process forusing cached metadata information to automatically build new databasestructures and populate them with data.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

The detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the inventionherein makes reference to the accompanying drawings, which show theexemplary embodiment by way of illustration and its best mode. Whilethese exemplary embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enablethose skilled in the art to practice the invention, it should beunderstood that other embodiments may be realized and that logical andmechanical changes may be made without departing from the spirit andscope of the invention. Thus, the detailed description herein ispresented for purposes of illustration only and not of limitation.

For the sake of brevity, conventional data networking, applicationdevelopment and other functional aspects of the systems (and componentsof the individual operating components of the systems) may not bedescribed in detail herein. Furthermore, the connecting lines shown inthe various figures contained herein are intended to represent exemplaryfunctional relationships and/or physical couplings between the variouselements. It should be noted that many alternative or additionalfunctional relationships or physical connections may be present in apractical system.

In general, system and method includes a rapid caching and dataintegration facility that reduces the time for data from sources to beintegrated into an enterprise's data management system. The systemprovides a metadata cache that stores comprehensive data elementdefinition and data element integration instructions. While the systemmay contemplate upgrades or reconfigurations of existing processingsystems, changes to existing databases and business information systems'tools are not necessarily required by the present invention. Forexample, the present system may contemplate, but does not require: adatabase usage feedback loop or periodic migration of tables from themidrange cached environment to production systems. Moreover, the systemmay be seamlessly integrated into existing information technology anddata management architectures and business information system tools withminimal changes to existing systems.

While described herein in reference to enhancing data quality andtimeliness to facilitate the planning and campaign strategy analyticsfor a marketing organization, practitioners will appreciate that theinvention may further be implemented to increase speed, lower cost andenhance the quality associated with integrating new data sources into anenterprise data architecture. For instance, one embodiment may be usedin conjunction with existing ETL and business intelligence dataprocesses to accommodate a company's billing operation. Other examplesof such data cache and data delivery techniques may be accomplishedthrough a variety of computing resources and hardware infrastructures.

While the description makes reference to specific technologies, systemarchitectures and data management techniques, practitioners willappreciate that this is but one embodiment and that other devices and/ormethods may be implemented without departing from the scope of theinvention. Similarly, while the description makes frequent reference toa web client, practitioners will appreciate that other examples of datacache and data delivery may be accomplished by using a variety of userinterfaces including handheld devices such as personal digitalassistants and cellular telephones. Practitioners will also appreciatethat a web client is but one embodiment and that other devices and/ormethods may be implemented without departing from the scope of theinvention.

With reference to FIG. 1, the system includes a user 105 interfacingwith a management information system (“MIS”) 115 by way of a web client110. While described in the context data management for a marketingorganization, practitioners will appreciate that the present inventionmay be similarly used in the context of providing data for any function(e.g., business, charity, organization, etc). However, to simplify theexplanation, the caching and data delivery functions are oftenreferenced herein the context of integrating data from multipledisparate upstream data sources and providing a system to deliver thedata to the user 105 (e.g. a member of a marketing department).

Transmissions between the user 105 and the internet server 125 may passthrough a firewall 120 to help ensure the integrity of the MIS 115components. Practitioners will appreciate that the invention mayincorporate any number of security schemes or none at all. In oneembodiment, the Internet server 125 receives page requests from the webclient 110 and interacts with various other system 100 components toperform tasks related to requests from the web client 110. Internetserver 125 may invoke an authentication server 130 to verify theidentity of user 105 and assign specific access rights to user 105.Authentication database 135 may store information used in theauthentication process such as, for example, user identifiers,passwords, access privileges, user preferences, user statistics, and thelike. When a request to access system 100 is received from Internetserver 125, Internet server 125 determines if authentication is requiredand transmits a prompt to the web client 110. User 105 entersauthentication data at the web client 110, which transmits theauthentication data to Internet server 125. Internet server 125 passesthe authentication data to authentication server which queries the userdatabase 140 for corresponding credentials. When user 105 isauthenticated, user 105 may access various applications and theircorresponding data sources.

When user 105 logs on to an application, Internet server 125 may invokean application server 145. Application server 145 invokes logic in themarketing module 147 by passing parameters relating to the user's 105requests for data. The MIS 115 manages requests for data from themarketing module 147 and acquires the proper data from the enterprisedata management system (“EDMS”) 150.

With reference to FIG. 1A, EDMS 150 includes elements that manage theenterprise data architecture (including the data contained therein) andelements that deliver data to end users. Production database 165 storesa broad variety of data to meet the needs of an enterprise. Aspractitioners will appreciate, while depicted as a single entity for thepurposes of illustration, production database 165 may represent multiplehardware, software, database, data structure and networking components.In a representative embodiment, the production database 165 is designedto hold stable, persistent information. Thus, organization policy andtechnical restraints often prohibits or discourages integrating datathat, for example, is yet to be validated or otherwise is derived froman untrusted data source. Furthermore, policy often restricts temporary,ad hoc or other such data from being stored in the production database165. The RCF database 170 provides access to data that is, for example,not suitably stable, reliable or persistent for storage in a productionenvironment.

The database management organization (DMO) 190 is the organization thatmanages the data needs of an enterprise. DM processes 200, 300 and 400represent methods and policies employed by the DMO 190 in managingenterprise data. As practitioner's will appreciate and as furtherillustrated in exemplary processes 200, 300 and 400, DM processesinclude manual processes, automated processes or any combination ofmanual and automated steps.

RCF database 170 is also designed to store data generated by theautomated data source integration Process 400 (FIG. 4). The RCF metadatacache 175 stores metadata detailing the elements available in theenterprise data sources including, for example, the production database165, the RCF database 170, database systems of record 160 and externaldata sources. As discussed in further detail below, in a representativeembodiment, the RCF metadata cache enables both a comprehensive view ofall (or a subset of) data elements defined within the enterprise dataarchitecture, as well as database design and administration informationuseful for automatically integrating new data elements into the RCFdatabase 170. The RCF module 180 is a software module that aids inloading RCF data cache 175 and executes the instructions contained inRCF data. Process RCF feedback loop 171 represents connections betweenthe RCF database 170, DM Processes 200, 300 and 400 and the productiondatabase 165 that communicates RCF database 170 performance and usagemetrics. RCF feedback loop 171 is useful for such tasks as tuningdatabase performance and analyzing data elements whose usage mayindicate need to be migrated to the production database 165.

For instance, in a representative embodiment, planners of a newmarketing campaign request access to a data element not currentlymaintained in the production database 165. However, the data is presentin the RCF database 170. If RCF feedback loop 171 reports informationindicating frequent usage of this data element or that the query joiningthe data element in the RCF database 170 with data residing on theproduction database 165 is resource intensive (e.g. it causes slowperformance), then the DMO 190 may decide to perform the systemsdevelopment lifecycle analysis (Process 300) to optimize databaseperformance (e.g. by building indexes) and/or move data elements to theproduction database 165. On the other hand, if in a similar example, adata element is loaded to the RCF database 170 for some limited purpose,usage information from RCF feedback loop 171 may indicate that the datashould be removed from the RCF database 170 to free up storageresources.

Database systems of record 160 store the enterprise master data such as,for example, transactional, personnel, accounting and asset managementdata. Practitioner's will appreciate that in one embodiment, the datastored in database systems of record 160 may be duplicated, summarizedor otherwise represented in the production database 165. External datasource 161 represents any data generated and/or maintained external tothe enterprise.

In addition to the components described above, the system 100, the MIS115 and the EDMS 150 may further include one or more of the following: ahost server or other computing systems including a processor forprocessing digital data; a memory coupled to the processor for storingdigital data; an input digitizer coupled to the processor for inputtingdigital data; an application program stored in the memory and accessibleby the processor for directing processing of digital data by theprocessor; a display device coupled to the processor and memory fordisplaying information derived from digital data processed by theprocessor; and a plurality of databases. Various databases used hereinmay include: the user database 130; account database 150; the RCFdatabase 170; the production database 165; database systems of record160; and/or like data useful in the operation of system 100.

As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, one or moreof the components of system 100 may be embodied as a customization of anexisting system, an add-on product, upgraded software, a stand alonesystem (e.g., kiosk), a distributed system, a method, a data processingsystem, a device for data processing, and/or a computer program product.Accordingly, individual system 100 components may take the form of anentirely software embodiment, an entirely hardware embodiment, or anembodiment combining aspects of both software and hardware. Furthermore,individual system 100 components may take the form of a computer programproduct on a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readableprogram code means embodied in the storage medium. Any suitablecomputer-readable storage medium may be utilized, including hard disks,CD-ROM, optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, and/or thelike.

The invention contemplates uses in association with marketing managementinformation systems, business intelligence systems, reporting systems,web services, pervasive and individualized solutions, open source,biometrics, mobility and wireless solutions, commodity computing, gridcomputing and/or mesh computing. For example, in an embodiment, the webclient 110 is configured with a biometric security system that may beused for providing biometrics as a secondary form of identification. Thebiometric security system may include a transaction device and a readercommunicating with the system. The biometric security system also mayinclude a biometric sensor that detects biometric samples and a devicefor verifying biometric samples. The biometric security system may beconfigured with one or more biometric scanners, processors and/orsystems. A biometric system may include one or more technologies, or anyportion thereof, such as, for example, recognition of a biometric. Asused herein, a biometric may include a user's voice, fingerprint,facial, ear, signature, vascular patterns, DNA sampling, hand geometry,sound, olfactory, keystroke/typing, iris, retinal or any other biometricrelating to recognition based upon any body part, function, system,attribute and/or other characteristic, or any portion thereof. For anexplanation of systems and methods for providing a secondary form ofidentification for transaction completion, please see U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/708,822, titled “System For Biometric SecurityUsing A Fob,” filed Mar. 26, 2004; and U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/708,823, titled “Method For Biometric Security Using A Transponder,”filed Mar. 26, 2004, which are hereby incorporated by reference.

User 105 may include any individual, business, entity, governmentorganization, software and/or hardware that interact with system 100 toperform tasks such as requesting, retrieving, updating, analyzing,entering or modifying data. User 105 may be, for example, a marketingmanager using the system to analyze the benefits of a new marketingstrategy or a third-party vendor or partner accessing data to analyzecustomer data. User 105 may interface with Internet server 125 via anycommunication protocol, device or method discussed herein, known in theart, or later developed. In one embodiment, user 105 may interact withthe MIS 115 via an Internet browser at a web client 110.

Web client 110 comprises any hardware and/or software suitablyconfigured to facilitate requesting, retrieving, updating, analyzing,entering or modifying data such as marketing data or any informationdiscussed herein. Web client 110 includes any device (e.g., personalcomputer), which communicates (in any manner discussed herein) with theMIS 115 via any network discussed herein. Such browser applicationscomprise Internet browsing software installed within a computing unit orsystem to conduct online transactions and communications. Thesecomputing units or systems may take the form of a computer or set ofcomputers, although other types of computing units or systems may beused, including laptops, notebooks, hand held computers, set-top boxes,workstations, computer-servers, main frame computers, mini-computers, PCservers, pervasive computers, network sets of computers, and/or thelike. Practitioners will appreciate that the web client 110 may or maynot be in direct contact with the MIS 115. For example, the web client110 may access the services of the MIS 115 through another server, whichmay have a direct or indirect connection to Internet server 125.

As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the web client 110 includesan operating system (e.g., Windows NT, 95/98/2000, OS2, UNIX, Linux,Solaris, MacOS, etc.) as well as various conventional support softwareand drivers typically associated with computers. Web client 110 mayinclude any suitable personal computer, network computer, workstation,minicomputer, mainframe, mobile device or the like. Web client 110 canbe in a home or business environment with access to a network. In anembodiment, access is through a network or the Internet through acommercially available web-browser software package.

Web client 110 may be independently, separately or collectively suitablycoupled to the network via data links which includes, for example, aconnection to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) over the local loop asis typically used in connection with standard modem communication, cablemodem, Dish networks, ISDN, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or variouswireless communication methods, see, e.g., Gilbert Held, UnderstandingData Communications (1996), which is hereby incorporated by reference.It is noted that the network may be implemented as other types ofnetworks, such as an interactive television (ITV) network.

Firewall 120, as used herein, may comprise any hardware and/or softwaresuitably configured to protect the MIS 115 components from users ofother networks. Firewall 120 may reside in varying configurationsincluding stateful inspection, proxy based and packet filtering, amongothers. Firewall 120 may be integrated as software within Internetserver 125, any other system components, or may reside within anothercomputing device or may take the form of a standalone hardwarecomponent.

Internet server 125 may include any hardware and/or software suitablyconfigured to facilitate communications between the web client 110 andone or more the MIS 115 components. Further, Internet server 125 may beconfigured to transmit data to the web client 110 within markup languagedocuments. As used herein, “data” may include encompassing informationsuch as commands, queries, files, data for storage, and/or the like indigital or any other form. Internet server 125 may operate as a singleentity in a single geographic location or as separate computingcomponents located together or in separate geographic locations.

Internet server 125 may provide a suitable web site or otherInternet-based graphical user interface, which is accessible by users.In one embodiment, the Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS),Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS), and Microsoft SQL Server, are usedin conjunction with the Microsoft operating system, Microsoft NT webserver software, a Microsoft SQL Server database system, and a MicrosoftCommerce Server. Additionally, components such as Access or MicrosoftSQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, Informix MySQL, InterBase, etc., may be usedto provide an Active Data Object (ADO) compliant database managementsystem.

Any of the communications, inputs, storage, databases or displaysdiscussed herein may be facilitated through a web site having web pages.The term “web page” as it is used herein is not meant to limit the typeof documents and applications that might be used to interact with theuser. For example, a typical web site might include, in addition tostandard HTML documents, various forms, Java applets, JavaScript, activeserver pages (ASP), common gateway interface scripts (CGI), extensiblemarkup language (XML), dynamic HTML, cascading style sheets (CSS),helper applications, plug-ins, and/or the like. A server may include aweb service that receives a request from a web server, the requestincluding a URL (http://yahoo.com/stockquotes/ge) and an internetprotocol (“IP”) address. The web server retrieves the appropriate webpages and sends the data or applications for the web pages to the IPaddress. Web services are applications that are capable of interactingwith other applications over a communications means, such as theInternet. Web services are typically based on standards or protocolssuch as XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI. Web services methods are well known inthe art, and are covered in many standard texts. See, e.g., Alex Nghiem,IT Web Services: A Roadmap for the Enterprise (2003), herebyincorporated by reference.

Application server 145 may include any hardware and/or software suitablyconfigured to serve applications and data to a connected web client 110.Like Internet server 125, the application server 145 may communicatewith any number of other servers, databases and/or components throughany means known in the art. Further, the application server 145 mayserve as a conduit between the web client 110 and the various systemsand components of the MIS 115. Internet server 125 may interface withthe application server 145 through any means known in the art includinga LAN/WAN, for example. Application server 145 may further invokesoftware modules such as the marketing module 147 in response to user105 requests.

Marketing module 147 may include any hardware and/or software suitablyconfigured to receive requests from the web client 110 via Internetserver 125 and the application server 145. Marketing module 147 isfurther configured to process requests, construct database queries,and/or execute queries against production databases, external datasources and temporary databases, as well as exchange data with otherapplication modules (not pictured).

In one embodiment, the marketing module 147 may be configured tointeract with other MIS system 100 components to perform complexcalculations, retrieve additional data, format data into reports, createXML representations of data, construct markup language documents, and/orthe like. Moreover, the marketing module 147 may reside as a standalonesystem or may be incorporated with the application server 145 or anyother MIS 115 component as program code.

In order to control access to the application server 145 or any othercomponent of the MIS 115, Internet server 125 may invoke anauthentication server 130 in response to user 105 submissions ofauthentication credentials received at Internet server 125.Authentication server 130 may include any hardware and/or softwaresuitably configured to receive authentication credentials, encrypt anddecrypt credentials, authenticate credentials, and/or grant accessrights according to pre-defined privileges attached to the credentials.Authentication server 130 may grant varying degrees of application anddata level access to users based on information stored within the userdatabase 140.

Any databases depicted or implied by FIGS. 1 and 1A (e.g. the userdatabase 140, the RCF database 170, etc.) may include any hardwareand/or software suitably configured to facilitate storingidentification, authentication credentials, and/or user permissions. Oneskilled in the art will appreciate that system 100 may employ any numberof databases in any number of configurations. Further, any databasesdiscussed herein may be any type of database, such as relational,hierarchical, graphical, object-oriented, and/or other databaseconfigurations. Common database products that may be used to implementthe databases include DB2 by IBM (White Plains, N.Y.), various databaseproducts available from Oracle Corporation (Redwood Shores, Calif.),Microsoft Access or Microsoft SQL Server by Microsoft Corporation(Redmond, Wash.), or any other suitable database product. Moreover, thedatabases may be organized in any suitable manner, for example, as datatables or lookup tables. Each record may be a single file, a series offiles, a linked series of data fields or any other data structure.Association of certain data may be accomplished through any desired dataassociation technique such as those known or practiced in the art. Forexample, the association may be accomplished either manually orautomatically. Automatic association techniques may include, forexample, a database search, a database merge, GREP, AGREP, SQL, using akey field in the tables to speed searches, sequential searches throughall the tables and files, sorting records in the file according to aknown order to simplify lookup, and/or the like. The association stepmay be accomplished by a database merge function, for example, using a“key field” in pre-selected databases or data sectors.

More particularly, a “key field” partitions the database according tothe high-level class of objects defined by the key field. For example,certain types of data may be designated as a key field in a plurality ofrelated data tables and the data tables may then be linked on the basisof the type of data in the key field. The data corresponding to the keyfield in each of the linked data tables is preferably the same or of thesame type. However, data tables having similar, though not identical,data in the key fields may also be linked by using AGREP, for example.In accordance with one aspect of the invention, any suitable datastorage technique may be utilized to store data without a standardformat. Data sets may be stored using any suitable technique, including,for example, storing individual files using an ISO/IEC 7816-4 filestructure; implementing a domain whereby a dedicated file is selectedthat exposes one or more elementary files containing one or more datasets; using data sets stored in individual files using a hierarchicalfiling system; data sets stored as records in a single file (includingcompression, SQL accessible, hashed via one or more keys, numeric,alphabetical by first tuple, etc.); Binary Large Object (BLOB); storedas ungrouped data elements encoded using ISO/IEC 7816-6 data elements;stored as ungrouped data elements encoded using ISO/IEC Abstract SyntaxNotation (ASN.1) as in ISO/IEC 8824 and 8825; and/or other proprietarytechniques that may include fractal compression methods, imagecompression methods, etc.

In an embodiment, the ability to store a wide variety of information indifferent formats is facilitated by storing the information as a BLOB.Thus, any binary information can be stored in a storage space associatedwith a data set. As discussed above, the binary information may bestored on the financial transaction instrument or external to butaffiliated with the financial transaction instrument. The BLOB methodmay store data sets as ungrouped data elements formatted as a block ofbinary via a fixed memory offset using either fixed storage allocation,circular queue techniques, or best practices with respect to memorymanagement (e.g., paged memory, least recently used, etc.). By usingBLOB methods, the ability to store various data sets that have differentformats facilitates the storage of data associated with the system bymultiple and unrelated owners of the data sets. For example, a firstdata set which may be stored may be provided by a first party, a seconddata set which may be stored may be provided by an unrelated secondparty, and yet a third data set which may be stored, may be provided byan third party unrelated to the first and second party. Each of thethree data sets in this example may contain different information thatis stored using different data storage formats and/or techniques.Further, each data set may contain subsets of data that also may bedistinct from other subsets.

As stated above, in various embodiments of system 100, the data can bestored without regard to a common format. However, in one embodiment ofthe invention, the data set (e.g., BLOB) may be annotated in a standardmanner when provided for manipulating the data onto the financialtransaction instrument. The annotation may comprise a short header,trailer, or other appropriate indicator related to each data set that isconfigured to convey information useful in managing the various datasets. For example, the annotation may be called a “condition header”,“header”, “trailer”, or “status”, herein, and may comprise an indicationof the status of the data set or may include an identifier correlated toa specific issuer or owner of the data. In one example, the first threebytes of each data set BLOB may be configured or configurable toindicate the status of that particular data set; e.g., LOADED,INITIALIZED, READY, BLOCKED, REMOVABLE, or DELETED. Subsequent bytes ofdata may be used to indicate for example, the identity of the issuer,user, transaction/membership account identifier or the like. Each ofthese condition annotations are further discussed herein.

The data set annotation may also be used for other types of statusinformation as well as various other purposes. For example, the data setannotation may include security information establishing access levels.The access levels may, for example, be configured to permit only certainindividuals, levels of employees, companies, or other entities to accessdata sets, or to permit access to specific data sets based on thetransaction, merchant, issuer, user or the like. Furthermore, thesecurity information may restrict/permit only certain actions such asaccessing, modifying, and/or deleting data sets. In one example, thedata set annotation indicates that only the data set owner or the userare permitted to delete a data set, various identified users may bepermitted to access the data set for reading, and others are altogetherexcluded from accessing the data set. However, other access restrictionparameters may also be used allowing various entities to access a dataset with various permission levels as appropriate.

The data, including the header or trailer may be received by astand-alone interaction device configured to add, delete, modify, oraugment the data in accordance with the header or trailer. As such, inone embodiment, the header or trailer is not stored on the transactiondevice along with the associated issuer-owned data but instead theappropriate action may be taken by providing to the transactioninstrument user at the stand-alone device, the appropriate option forthe action to be taken. System 100 contemplates a data storagearrangement wherein the header or trailer, or header or trailer history,of the data is stored on the transaction instrument in relation to theappropriate data.

One skilled in the art will also appreciate that, for security reasons,any databases, systems, devices, servers or other components of system100 may consist of any combination thereof at a single location or atmultiple locations, wherein each database or system includes any ofvarious suitable security features, such as firewalls, access codes,encryption, decryption, compression, decompression, and/or the like.

The EDMS 150 may be interconnected to an external data source 161 (forexample, to obtain data from a vendor) via a second network, referred toas the external gateway 163. The external gateway 163 may include anyhardware and/or software suitably configured to facilitatecommunications and/or process transactions between the EDMS 150 and theexternal data source 161. Interconnection gateways are commerciallyavailable and known in the art. External gateway 163 may be implementedthrough commercially available hardware and/or software, through customhardware and/or software components, or through a combination thereof.External gateway 163 may reside in a variety of configurations and mayexist as a standalone system or may be a software component residingeither inside EDMS 150, the external data source 161 or any other knownconfiguration. External gateway 163 may be configured to processtransactions between the RCF module 180 and other systems and componentswithin EDMS 150 and/or systems and components residing in the MIS 115.In one embodiment, the external gateway 163 may comprise web servicesthat are invoked to exchange data between the various disclosed systems.The external gateway 163 represents existing proprietary networks thatpresently accommodate data exchange for data such as financialtransactions, customer demographics, billing transactions and the like.The external gateway 163 is a closed network that is assumed to besecure from eavesdroppers.

The invention may be described herein in terms of functional blockcomponents, screen shots, optional selections and various processingsteps. It should be appreciated that such functional blocks may berealized by any number of hardware and/or software components configuredto perform the specified functions. For example, system 100 may employvarious integrated circuit components, e.g., memory elements, processingelements, logic elements, look-up tables, and/or the like, which maycarry out a variety of functions under the control of one or moremicroprocessors or other control devices. Similarly, the softwareelements of system 100 may be implemented with any programming orscripting language such as C, C++, Java, COBOL, assembler, PERL, VisualBasic, SQL Stored Procedures, extensible markup language (XML), with thevarious algorithms being implemented with any combination of datastructures, objects, processes, routines or other programming elements.Further, it should be noted that system 100 may employ any number ofconventional techniques for data transmission, signaling, dataprocessing, network control, and/or the like. Still further, system 100could be used to detect or prevent security issues with a client-sidescripting language, such as JavaScript, VBScript or the like. For abasic introduction of cryptography and network security, see any of thefollowing references: (1) “Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms,And Source Code In C,” by Bruce Schneier, published by John Wiley & Sons(second edition, 1995); (2) “Java Cryptography” by Jonathan Knudson,published by O'Reilly & Associates (1998); (3) “Cryptography & NetworkSecurity Principles & Practice” by William Stallings, published byPrentice Hall; all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

These software elements may be loaded onto a general purpose computer,special purpose computer, or other programmable data processingapparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions that executeon the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus createmeans for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block orblocks. These computer program instructions may also be stored in acomputer-readable memory that can direct a computer or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to function in a particularmanner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readablememory produce an article of manufacture including instruction meanswhich implement the function specified in the flowchart block or blocks.The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer orother programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series ofoperational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmableapparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that theinstructions which execute on the computer or other programmableapparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in theflowchart block or blocks.

Accordingly, functional blocks of the block diagrams and flowchartillustrations support combinations of means for performing the specifiedfunctions, combinations of steps for performing the specified functions,and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. Itwill also be understood that each functional block of the block diagramsand flowchart illustrations, and combinations of functional blocks inthe block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, can be implemented byeither special purpose hardware-based computer systems which perform thespecified functions or steps, or suitable combinations of specialpurpose hardware and computer instructions. Further, illustrations ofthe process flows and the descriptions thereof may make reference touser windows, web pages, web sites, web forms, prompts, etc.Practitioners will appreciate that the illustrated steps describedherein may comprise in any number of configurations including the use ofwindows, web pages, web forms, popup windows, prompts and/or the like.It should be further appreciated that the multiple steps as illustratedand described may be combined into single web pages and/or windows buthave been expanded for the sake of simplicity. In other cases, stepsillustrated and described as single process steps may be separated intomultiple web pages and/or windows but have been combined for simplicity.

Practitioners will appreciate that there are a number of methods fordisplaying data within a browser-based document. Data may be representedas standard text or within a fixed list, scrollable list, drop-downlist, editable text field, fixed text field, pop-up window, and/or thelike. Likewise, there are a number of methods available for modifyingdata in a web page such as, for example, free text entry using akeyboard, selection of menu items, check boxes, option boxes, and/or thelike.

Referring now to the figures, the block system diagrams and process flowdiagrams represent mere embodiments of the invention and are notintended to limit the scope of the invention as described herein. Forexample, the steps recited in FIGS. 2-4 may be executed in any order andare not limited to the order presented. It will be appreciated that thefollowing description makes appropriate references not only to the stepsdepicted in FIGS. 2-4, but also to the various system components asdescribed above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 1A.

With reference to FIG. 2, a representative data management process forproviding data to end users includes the marketing module 147 receivinga request from user 105 to review the data elements that are maintainedin the EDMS 150 (Step 205). Marketing module 147 passes the request tothe EDMS 150 (Step 210). The EDMS 150 reads the metadata cache 175 andreturns a catalog of available data elements (Step 215). In oneembodiment, a separate data element catalog and/or data dictionarymodule provides a rich set of functionality for searching, viewing andrequesting data elements. This functionality can be built into existingmanagement information systems or can be seamlessly integrated using anumber of commercially available off-the-shelf software products. Thus,practitioners will appreciate that variations among the various elementsof this process will likely exist.

Marketing module 147 receives a request from user 105 for access to adatabase table containing specific data elements (Step 220) and passesthe request to the EDMS 150 (Step 225). The RCF module 180 determineswhether the elements requested by user 105 are available by examiningthe RCF metadata cache 175 (Step 230). If some of the data elements arenot available, then the DMO 190 conducts a full systems development lifecycle (Step 300) to identify a proper data source that contains therequested data, and integrates the data source into EDMS 150. Referringnow to FIG. 3, the DMO 190 identifies a source of the requested data(Step 305). In one embodiment, the origin of new data elements include:a new external data source, for example customer demographic dataobtained from a vendor; an internal data source, a new data entry systemthat captures data that had previously not been captured; and/or dataderived from data already residing in EDMS 150 by, for example,summarizing information or performing calculations. The DMO obtainspolicy and/or legal approval to access the new data elements (Step 305)and designs and builds the data structure to access the new datasources, i.e. a “data pipe” is built.

The DMO performs analysis to integrate the data elements into EDMS 150(Step 310). This analysis is conducted similarly to existing systems'life cycle methods and many of the tasks accomplished may be similar toETL techniques known in the art. For detailed information on ETL methodssee “The Data Warehouse ETL Toolkit” by Ralph Kimball, published byWiley in 2004 (ISBN 0-7645-6757-8), which is hereby incorporated byreference. One challenge faced by the DMO 190 when integrating a newdata source into the EDMS 150 is that each separate source may use adifferent data organization and format. For example, data source formatscommonly integrated by the DMO 190 include relational databases, flatfiles, non-relational database structures, or other data structures suchas VSAM or ISAM. ETL tools are often custom built by the DMO 190 but alarge number of off-the-shelf software products that provide ETLfunctionality are also commercially available.

The DMO plans (Step 310), designs (Step 315) and tests (Step 325) ETLfunctions for a new data source. Execution of the ETL activities occursin Step 330. Extraction converts the data into a format fortransformation processing and involves high level validation processesthat, for instance, verify format or reject incomplete data records. Inone embodiment, the transform stage applies rules or functions to theextracted data and places the data in a form for loading into the targetsystem such as the production database 165 depicted in FIG. 1A.Transformation operations are designed to derive data that is valid andrelevant to the business and technical needs of the enterprise. Typicaltransformation methods include filtering data; translating coded values;deriving new data using, for example, concatenation or calculation;joining together data from multiple sources; and/or applying complexdata validation. The load phase takes the transformed data and loads itinto a database or other data structure. As the load phase interactswith the production database 165, the constraints defined in thedatabase schema, as well as in triggers activated upon data load, apply(e.g. uniqueness, referential integrity, mandatory fields, etc.).

In addition to typical ETL processes, the DMO 190 also builds the RCFmetadata cache during process 300. The DMO 190 produces metadata thatdetails the information to integrate the data elements of a data sourceinto EDMS system 150 (320). This metadata is organized into an“envelope” loaded to the RCF metadata cache facility 175 (Step 335). Themetadata envelope includes, for example, data elements, business rules,data interdependencies, validation rules, transformation logic, errorlogs, statistical data, functional relationships (e.g. business rules)with other EDMS 190 data elements, physical relationships with otherEDMS 190 data elements, and the like. In one embodiment, the metadataenvelope is encoded using XML and XSL scripts. However, other metadatadefinition language and data transformation scripting languages can besimilarly implemented.

The new data source (i.e. the source identified in Step 305) oftencontains data elements not presently used by the enterprise. However,the end-to-end process of integrating a new data source (Process 300) islong, expensive and resource intensive. In order to meet the needs of anenterprise (for example, the need to bring a new marketing campaign tothe market in an expedited timeframe), many organizations require accessto new data elements faster than is typically feasible for many DMO's.

To address this issue, the DMO 190 conducts analysis on every dataelement of a new data source regardless of whether that data element ispart of a current data requirement (Step 320). This process providesvaluable functionality to the enterprise. The complete set of dataelements available to an enterprise maintained in the RCF metadata cache175 provides the organization with a comprehensive view of dataavailable regardless of whether the data has been fully integrated intothe EDMS 190. Furthermore, the RCF metadata cache 175 is preloaded withthe intelligence to fully integrate the new data elements, often withminimal or no additional analysis or manual processes (Process 400).Thus, once the steps in Process 300 are completed for a data source, theanalysis may not be repeated for future requests for data elements fromthat same source.

Returning now to FIG. 2, if the data elements requested by the user 105(Step 220) are available, the RCF module 180 automatically finds thedata and makes it available to the MIS 115 (Process 400). In oneembodiment, EDMS 150 transmits a notification of the data integration.In one embodiment, the RCF module 180 reads the RCF metadata cache 175to determine if the data elements requested are stored in the productiondatabase 165 and whether the data exists in a format that satisfies theuser request (Step 410). If the optimal data resides in the productiondatabase 165, EDMS 150 retrieves the data and returns it to the user 105(Step 415). If the data elements requested are either not present in theproduction database 165, or do not exist in a format that satisfies theuser request, the RCF module 180 accesses the suitable automated scriptsand parameters from the RCF metadata cache 175 (Step 420).

As part of the systems development lifecycle initially conducted by theDMO 190 in Process 300 (FIG. 3) for each new data source, the RCFmetadata cache 175 contains the information useful to automate theknowledge and capabilities of database administrator personnel executingmanual database administration tasks. The RCF module 180 executes theproper scripts to perform database administration tasks to provide therequested data in a valid and useful form; such tasks include, forexample, creating table structures, indexes and constraints in the RCFdatabase 170, extracting data from the database systems of record 160and/or transforming the data to the desired form. In one embodiment,transformation activities include combining data (for example throughthe use of lookups and table joins) with other data residing in the EDMSsystem 150. Using automated scripts and other information stored in theRCF metadata cache 175 and the RCF module 180, the transformed data isloaded into the data structures in RCF database 175 which were createdby Step 420.

The enterprise data management systems and processes, and in particularthe rapid caching facility systems and methods, described herein providenumerous advantages to an enterprise. Data is delivered rapidly to theend user. This innovative approach significantly reduces both end-to-endcycle time and the operational expense for integrating new data elementsinto an enterprise data architecture. Cost savings include operationalcosts for data processing, data storage and data management resources.Furthermore, enhanced automation and elimination of steps in the dataintegration process reduce personnel costs. From the operationalorganization's perspective, the opportunity cost savings associated withhaving access to quality data in a timely fashion enabled by theinvention is also valuable; i.e. the shortcomings of existing solutionscost organizations immeasurably in the form of lost opportunityresulting from untimely and/or poor quality data.

While the steps outlined above represent a specific embodiment of theinvention, practitioners will appreciate that there are any number ofcomputing algorithms and user interfaces that may be applied to createsimilar results. The steps are presented for the sake of explanationonly and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in anyway.

Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have beendescribed herein with regard to specific embodiments. However, thebenefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element(s) that maycause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become morepronounced are not to be construed as critical, required, or essentialfeatures or elements of any or all the claims or the invention. Itshould be understood that the detailed description and specificexamples, indicating exemplary embodiments of the invention, are givenfor purposes of illustration only and not as limitations. Many changesand modifications within the scope of the instant invention may be madewithout departing from the spirit thereof, and the invention includesall such modifications. Corresponding structures, materials, acts, andequivalents of all elements in the claims below are intended to includeany structure, material, or acts for performing the functions incombination with other claim elements as specifically claimed. The scopeof the invention should be determined by the appended claims and theirlegal equivalents, rather than by the examples given above. Reference toan element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one”unless explicitly so stated, but rather “one or more.” Moreover, where aphrase similar to ‘at least one of A, B, and C’ is used in the claims,it is intended that the phrase be interpreted to mean that A alone maybe present in an embodiment, B alone may be present in an embodiment, Calone may be present in an embodiment, or that any combination of theelements A, B and C may be present in a single embodiment; for example,A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C.

1. A computer-based method comprising: analyzing, by a data integrationcomputer and based upon a second data element subset, enterprise dataarchitecture and cached metadata to determine a third data elementsubset comprising data elements present in said cached data but notpresent in said enterprise data architecture, wherein said cachedmetadata is derived from caching metadata; integrating, by saidcomputer, a third data element subset into said enterprise dataarchitecture; analyzing, by said computer and based upon said second rawdata, said enterprise data architecture and said cached data todetermine third raw data, said third raw data being present in saidcached data but not present in said enterprise data architecture;extracting, by said computer and based upon data extraction logic, saidthird raw data; and integrating, by said computer, said third raw datainto said enterprise data architecture.
 2. The method of claim 1,further comprising caching, by said computer, said data and saidmetadata to create said cached data and said cached metadata.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, wherein said metadata comprises data elementdefinitions associated with data elements and at least one of dataextraction logic and data transformation logic.
 4. The method of claim1, wherein a first subset is integrated into said enterprise dataarchitecture.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein said second subsetincludes a portion of said first subset.
 6. The method of claim 5,wherein said first subset comprises a first data element subset and afirst raw data subset derived from first data.
 7. The method of claim 6,wherein said first data includes at least one of raw data and dataelements relating to said raw data.
 8. The method of claim 6, whereinsaid second subset comprises a second data element subset and a secondraw data subset derived from said first data.
 9. The method of claim 6,wherein said first data includes a first raw data subset and a firstdata element subset.
 10. The method of claim 1, further comprisingtransmitting a notification of said integrating at least one of a firstsubset and said second subset.
 11. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising creating metadata by creating data transformation scripts anddata loading scripts comprising instructions for integrating first datainto said enterprise data architecture.
 12. The method of claim 1,further comprising packaging said metadata into an envelope.
 13. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising packaging said metadata into anenvelope and storing said envelope in a metadata cache.
 14. The methodof claim 1, further comprising packaging said metadata into an envelope,wherein said metadata comprises at least one of: said data source,description of a data schema for said data source, data typeinformation, data extraction logic, a data constraint, a validationrule, a default value, a business rule, a data interdependency, datatransformation logic, a data load instruction, performance data,statistical data, a business rule, and a physical relationship with saidenterprise data schema.
 15. The method of claim 1, wherein said secondrequest includes data elements not included in a first request.
 16. Themethod of claim 1, wherein said integrating at least one of: a firstsubset and said second subset further comprises creating a database. 17.The method of claim 1, wherein said integrating at least one of: a firstsubset and said second subset further comprises creating a database andmonitoring said database.
 18. The method of claim 1, wherein saidintegrating at least one of: a first subset and said second subsetfurther comprises creating a database, monitoring said database toobtain database performance tuning information, and tuning said databasebased upon said database performance tuning information.
 19. An articleof manufacture including a non-transitory, tangible computer readablemedium having instructions stored thereon that, in response to executionby a computer-based data integration system, cause said computer-basedsystem to perform operations comprising: analyzing, by saidcomputer-based system and based upon a second data element subset,enterprise data architecture and cached metadata to determine a thirddata element subset comprising data elements present in said cached databut not present in said enterprise data architecture, wherein saidcached metadata is derived from caching metadata; integrating, by saidcomputer-based system, a third data element subset into said enterprisedata architecture; analyzing, by said computer-based system and basedupon said second raw data, said enterprise data architecture and saidcached data to determine third raw data, said third raw data beingpresent in said cached data but not present in said enterprise dataarchitecture; extracting, by said computer-based system and based upondata extraction logic, said third raw data; and integrating, by saidcomputer-based system, said third raw data into said enterprise dataarchitecture.
 20. A system comprising: a processor for integrating data,a tangible, non-transitory memory configured to communicate with saidprocessor, said tangible, non-transitory memory having instructionsstored thereon that, in response to execution by said processor, causesaid processor to perform operations comprising: analyzing, by saidprocessor and based upon a second data element subset, enterprise dataarchitecture and cached metadata to determine a third data elementsubset comprising data elements present in said cached data but notpresent in said enterprise data architecture, wherein said cachedmetadata is derived from caching metadata; integrating, by saidprocessor, a third data element subset into said enterprise dataarchitecture; analyzing, by said processor and based upon said secondraw data, said enterprise data architecture and said cached data todetermine third raw data, said third raw data being present in saidcached data but not present in said enterprise data architecture;extracting, by said processor and based upon data extraction logic, saidthird raw data; and integrating, by said processor, said third raw datainto said enterprise data architecture.